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Papal conclave, 1903
The Papal conclave of 1903 was caused by the death of the 93-year-old Pope Leo XIII, who at that stage was the second-longest reigning pope in history. (Pope John Paul II (r. 1978–2005) passed Leo a century later.)
It saw the election of Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto as Pope Pius X.
==Background==
In 1903, the 25-year pontificate of the liberal diplomat Leo XIII came to an end. For 56 years. the papacy had been led by just two men, Leo and his predecessor, Pius IX. While Pius had been a conservative reactionary, Leo had been seen as a liberal, certainly by the standards of his predecessor. As cardinals gathered, the key question was whether a pope would be chosen who would continue Leo's policies or return to the style of papacy of Pius IX.
With Leo XIII's death, Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano was the last surviving cardinal elevated by Pius IX. As such, he was the only elector in the 1903 conclave with previous experience of electing a pope.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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